Importance of hygienic behavior in honey bee colonies against Varroa mite

فهرست منابع

1. بحرینی، ر. 1386. انگل شناسی و آسیب شناسی زنبور عسل. انتشارات آییژ، 217 صفحه.
2.  
3. Anderson, D. and Trueman, J. 2000. Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroide) is more than one species. Journal of  Experimental Applied  Acarology. 24: 165-189.

1. Anderson, D. East, I. J. Cox-Foster, D. Conlan, S. Holmes, E. C. Palacios, G. Kalkstein, A. Evans, J. D. Moran, N. A. Quan, P. L. Geiser, D. Briese, T. Hornig, M. Hui, J. Vanengelsdorp, D. Pettis, J. S. and Lipkin, W. I. 2008. The latest buzz about colony collapse disorder. Journal of original scientific research. 319: 724–725.

1. Antonio, M. 2002. Varroa destructor infestation impact on Apise mellifera carnica capped worker brood production, bee population and honey storage in a Mediterranean climate. Journal of  Apidologie. 33: 271-281.

1. Arathi, H. S. and Spivak, M. 2001. Influence of colony genotypic composition on the performance of hygienic behaviour in the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Journal of Animal Behaviour. 62: 57–66.
2. Arathi, H. S. Burns, I. and Spivak, M. 2000. Ethology of hygienic behaviour in the honey bee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae): behavioral repertoire of hygienic bees. Journal of Ethology. 106: 1-15.

1. Ball, B. V. 1994. Host–parasite–pathogen interactions. Journal of International BeeResearchAssociation. 218: 5–11.

1. Ball, B. V. and Allen, M. F. 1988. The prevalence of pathogens in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies infested with the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni. Journal of Annual Applied Biology. 113: 237–244.

1. Boecking, O. and Spivak, M. 1999. Behavioral defenses of honey bee againt varroa jacobsoni oud. Journal of Apidologie. 30: 141-158.

1. Büchler, R. 1994. V arroat olerance in honey-bees-occurence,c haracters and breeding. Journal of Bee World. 7554-70.

1. Calderone, N. W. and Page, R. E. 1991. Evolutionary genetics of division of labor in colonies of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Journal of American Naturalist. 138: 69–92.

1. Eguaras, M. Marcangeli, J. Fernandez, N. and Garcia, O. 1994. Are there honey bees which are resistant to Varroa disease? Journal of Colmenar.1: 9-11.

1. Evans, J. D. Aronstein, K. Chen, Y. P. Hetru, C. Imler, J. L. Jiang, H. Kanost, M. Thompson, G. J. Zou, Z. and Hultmark, D. 2006. Immune pathways and defence mechanisms in honey bees Apis mellifera. Journal of Insect Molecular Biology. 15 (5): 645–656.

1. Fries, I. Camazine S.  and Sneyd,  J. 1997. Pupulation dynamics of varroa jacobsoni : a model and a review. Journal of Bee World. 75:5-28.

1. Gramacho, K. P. and Gonçalves, L. S. 2009a. Sequential hygienic behavior in Carniolan honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica). Journal of Genetics and Molecular Research. 8 (2): 655-663.

1. Gramacho, K. P. and Gonçalves, L. S. 2009b. Comparative study of the hygienic behavior of Carniolan and Africanized honey bees directed towards grouped versus isolated dead brood cells. Journal of Genetics and Molecular  Research. 8 (2): 744-750.

1. Gramacho, K. P. Gonçalves, L. S. Rosenkranz, P. and De Jong, D. 1999. Influence of body fluid from pin-killed honey bee pupae on hygienic behavior. Journal of Apidologie. 30: 367-374.
2. Katia, P. and Spivak, M. 2003. Differeces in olfactory sensitivity and behavioral responses among honey bees bred for hygienic behavior. Journal of  Behavioral Ecoogy and Sociobiology 54: 472-479.

1. Keryn, L. Oldroyd, B. P. and Spivak, M. 2002. Seven suggestive quantitative trait loci influence hygienic behavior of honey bees. Journal of Naturwissenschaften. 89: 565–568.

1. Kulincevic, J. M. Deguzm, L.I. and Rindered, E. 1997. Selection of honey bees tolerant or resistant to varroa jacobsoni. Journal of Ciheam-options Mediterraneennes. 21: 59-75.

1. Masterman, R. Smith, H. and Soivak, M. 2000. Evalaution Brood odor discrimination abilities in hygienic honey bee (Apis Mellifera) using proboscis extension reflex conditioning. Journal of insect behavior. 13: 87-101.
2. Mondragon, L. Spivak, M. and Andame, R. 2005. Amultifactorial study of  resistance of  honey bees Apis  mellifera to the mite Varroa destructor over one year in Mexico. Journal of EDP Sciences. 36: 345-358.

1. Moritz, R. F. A. 1988. Heritability of the postcapping stage in Apis mellifera and its relation to Varroatosis resistance. Journal of Herid. 76: 267-270.

1. Najafgholian, J. Thahmasbi, G. Pakdel, A. and Nehzati, G. 2011a.  Effect of population size on the expression of hygienic behavior in the Iranian honey bee (Apis. Mellifera meda). Journal of Biotecnology Resources. 2(04): 364-373.

1. Navajas, M.  Migeon, A. Alaux,  C. Martin-Magniette, M. L. Robinson, G. E. Evans, J. D. Cros-Arteil, S. Crauser,  D. and Le Conte, Y. 2008. Differential gene expression of the honey bee Apis mellifera associated with Varroa destructor infection. Journal of BMC Genomics. 9: 301.

1. Papas, N. 1992. Varroa egg-laying in worker honey brood during the year. Journal of Melissokomiki Epitheorisi.6: 386-388.

1. Park, O. W. 1936. Disease resistance and American foulbrood. Journal of American Bee. 74: 12–14.

1. Perez-Sato, J. A. Chaline , N.  Martin, S. J. Hughes, W. H. O. and Ratnieks, F. L. W. 2009. Multi-level selection for hygienic behaviour in Honey beesb Heredity. Journal of Heredity. 102: 609–615.

1. Ritter, W. Mitchell, P. Bartholdi, M. and Schwendemann, A. 1990. Development of tolerance to Varroa jacobsoni of bee colonies in Tunisia. Journal of Apidologie.

1. Rothenbuhler, W. C. 1964a. Behavior genetics of nest cleaning in honey bees. I. Responses of four inbred lines to disease-killed brood. Journal of Animal Behaviour. 12: 578–583.

1. Rothenbuhler, W. C. 1964b. Behavior genetics of nest cleaning in honey bees. IV. Responses of four inbred lines to disease-killed brood. Journal of American Zoologist. 4: 111-123.

1. Ruttner, F. Marx, H. and Marx, G. 1984. Beobachtungen über eine möglicheAnpassung von Varroa jacobsoni an Apis mellifera L. in Uruguay. Journal of Apidologie. 15: 43-62.

1. Sammataro, D. DeGrandi Hoffman, G. Needham, G. and Wardell, G. 1998. Some volatile plant oils as potential control agents for varroa mites (Acari: Varroidae) in honey bee colonies (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of American Bee. 138: 681–685.
2. Spivak M. and Reuter G. S. 1998b. Performance of hygienic honey bee colonies in a commercial apiary. Journal of Apidologie. 29: 291–302.

1. Spivak, M. 1996. Honey bee hygienic behavior and defense against Varroa jacobsoni. Journal of Apidologie. 27: 245-260.

1. Spivak, M. and  Reuter, G. S. 2001. Varroa jacobsoni infestation in untreated honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies selected for hygienic behavior. Journal of Economic  Entomol. 94: 326–331.

1. Spivak, M. and Gilliam, M. 1993. Facultative expression of hygienic behaviour of honey bees in relation to disease resistance. Journal of Apicultural Research. 32: 147–157.

1. Stanmirovic, Z. and Pejovic, D. 2002. Hygienic behavior in disease resistance of two honey bee. ecogeographic varieties (Apis mellifera carnica) from Serbia. Journal of  Apiacta. 1: 1-4.

1. Tu, S. Qiu, X. Cao, L. Han, R. Zhang, Y. and Liu, X. 2010. Expression and characterization of the chitinases from Serratia marcescens GEI strain for the control of Varroa destructor, a honey bee parasite. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 104(2):75-82.

1. Unger, P. and Guzman-Novoa, E. 2010. Maternal Effects on the Hygienic Behavior of Russian 3 Ontario Hybrid Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Journal of Heredity. 101(1): 91–96.

1. Van Englesdorp, D. Hayes, J. Underwood, R. M. and Pettis, J. 2007. A survey of honey bee colony losses in the US, fall 2007 to spring 2008. Journal of PLoS ONE. 3: 40-71.

1. Wilkes, K. and Oldroyd, B. 2002. Breeding Hygienic disease resistant bees. Journal of RIRDC project No. US-39A.

1. Wilkinson, D. Thompson, H. M. and Smith, G. C. 2001. Modelling biological approaches to controlling Varroa populations. Journal of American Bee.141: 511–516.

1. Wilson-Rich, N. Spivak, M. Fefferman,  N. H. and Starks ,P. T. 2009. Genetic, Individual, and Group Facilitation of Disease Resistance in Insect Societies. Journal of Annual Review Entomology. 54: 405–23.