Abstract
Abstact
Bee with a long fly to collect nectar and pollen are exposed to different microorganisms. Their body structure suitable for carrying pollen so designed that may insect body hair, different species of microorganisms, particularly yeasts to transmit. With identification of yeasts in the digestive system in honey bees can be valuable information on bee nutrition and their relation to existing plants in the region and so valuable information can be get about biology of inversion the presence sugars in nectar into fructose and glucose, and too about biology of honey production, digestion and absorption of pollen and substitute feed proteins. Osmophilic yeasts are able to grow in honey. Most of honey yeasts are belonged to the Saccharomyces genus. The yeasts are unable to grow in mediums containing more than 30 percent concentration for sugar. While, that osmotic pressure is much like maple syrup that about 66 percent sugar, more than 19 percent of water, the osmophilic yeasts of the genus Zygosaccharomyces presence in honey are able to grow very good. The main purpose of this project is the identification of the yeasts that are important in point of their biological characters and their role in honey production, providing essential amino acids needed to bees and improving the bees immune system.
In this study the samples were collected from bee hives in East Azerbaijan province, Said-Abad agricultural education farm. Identified yeasts can be used in the preparation of complementary and substitute feeds and production of bio-protein for bees feed in different seasons and ages. A total of 36 samples of yeast, the two strains isolated from the thoracic salivary glands and honey stomach or crop samples of bees, that were identified by the keys book of yeasts Identification; "Yeasts: Characteristics and Identification", published (1990) by Barnett J. A., Payne R. W., Yarrow D.[4].
1- Metschnikowia pulcherrima: This species of yeast has been isolated from fruits, berries, grapes and clover plants, and was isolated from all parts of the gastrointestinal tract in honeybees.
2- Zygosaccharomyces rouxii: This species of yeast has been isolated from kinds of fruit juices, syrups, honey, jelly, soya sauce, grapes, wines, molasses and so on. In honeybees was isolated from thoracic salivary gland and gizzard.
3- Pichia spp.: This species of yeast has been isolated as well as trees, particularly oak leaves and forest soil. In honeybees was isolated from stomach and intestine.
4- Rhodotorula Spp.: This species of yeast is identifiable in trees, flowers, nectar, leaves and soil. In honeybees was isolated from stomach and intestine.
5- Cryptococcus podzolicus: This species of yeast mostly isolated from trees, foliage and soil, but with most insects are symbiotic. In honeybees was isolated from intestine.Read phonetically
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