Novel Strategies for Colony Management Under Heat Stress Conditions: From Laboratory Findings to Apiary Implementation

Authors

1 Honey bee Research Department, Animal Science Research of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

2 Animal Science Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran

10.22034/hbsj.2025.369250.1192

Abstract

Climate change and the resulting heat stress have severely impacted the physiological and molecular health of honeybees (Apis mellifera), leading to issues such as a reduction in worker bee lifespan by up to 18 days, developmental abnormalities in 60% of larvae, increased expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70/HSP90), and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which weaken the immune system and elevate the risk of colony collapse disorder (CCD). To address these challenges, proposed solutions include the use of insulated hives (reducing internal temperatures by up to 7°C), designing natural ventilation systems, providing nutritional supplements (electrolytes, antioxidants, and probiotics), and deploying modern technologies such as smart monitoring systems (IoT) and solar-powered cooling. Managing foraging grounds by planting drought-resistant vegetation and ensuring access to cool water sources also plays a key role in moderating environmental temperatures. However, implementation challenges such as high technology costs, the need for technical expertise, and incompatibility with local conditions (particularly in under-resourced regions) hinder the adoption of these solutions. Integrating traditional beekeeping knowledge with interdisciplinary research (molecular biology, artificial intelligence) and government support for cost-effective methods (e.g., solar cooling systems) is essential. Ultimately, preserving honeybee populations is critical not only for honey production but also for the survival of ecosystems and global food security

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